大倍率充放电循环对锂离子电池特性及热安全性能的影响

兰州理工大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 30-35.

大倍率充放电循环对锂离子电池特性及热安全性能的影响

李东琪, 张青松^*, 郑少帅

中国民航大学民航热灾害防控与应急重点实验室, 天津 300300

收稿日期:2022-09-27 出版日期:2023-06-28 发布日期:2023-07-07
通讯作者: 张青松(1977-),男,河北晋州人,博士,教授,博导. Email:nkzqsong@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金民航联合基金(U2033204),天津市教委科研计划项目(2021KJ061)

Influence of high rate charge and discharge cycle on the electronic performance and thermal safety of lithium ion battery

LI Dong-qi, ZHANG Qing-song, ZHENG Shao-shuai

Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

Received:2022-09-27 Online:2023-06-28 Published:2023-07-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 锂离子电池广泛应用于电动汽车及各类储能设备.通过不同充放电倍率下循环老化及热失控实验,研究了大倍率充放电对单体锂离子电池性能与热安全性的影响.结果表明:大倍率充放电循环下,单体锂离子电池的实际容量出现了衰减,衰减程度与充放电倍率呈正相关.恒流比呈阶梯式衰减,但库伦效率仍处于99%~100%,表明锂离子电池的可逆性能正常.随着倍率增加,热失控触发时间、燃爆压力、喷射火焰温度呈先增大后减小的趋势,燃爆时电池表面平均温度为655.8 ℃,接近金属铝的熔点温度,燃爆喷射粉末产物主要以金属铝、石墨、锂钴氧化物为主.

关键词: 锂离子电池, 大电流充放电, 循环老化, 热失控

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and various energy storage devices. In this paper, cyclic aging and thermal runaway experiments under different charge-discharge rates were carried out, and the effects of large-rate charging and discharging on the performance and thermal safety of single lithium-ion batteries were studied. The results showed that the actual capacity of single lithium-ion battery is attenuated under the large-rate charge-discharge cycle, and the degree of attenuation is positively relevant to the charge-discharge rate. With the charge-discharge rate increasing, the constant current ratio is stepwise attenuation, but the coulombic efficiency still maintains in the range of 99%-100%, indicating that the reversible performance of lithium-ion batteries is normal. With the increase of the magnification, the thermal runaway trigger time, explosion pressure and jet flame temperature first increase and then decrease. The average surface temperature of the battery during explosion is 655.8 ℃, which is close to the melting point of aluminum. The explosion injection powder products are mainly metal aluminum, graphite and lithium cobalt oxide.

Key words: Lithium ion battery, high current charging and discharging, cyclic aging, thermal runaway

中图分类号:

TB39

李东琪, 张青松, 郑少帅. 大倍率充放电循环对锂离子电池特性及热安全性能的影响[J]. 兰州理工大学学报, 2023, 49(3): 30-35.

LI Dong-qi, ZHANG Qing-song, ZHENG Shao-shuai. Influence of high rate charge and discharge cycle on the electronic performance and thermal safety of lithium ion battery[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2023, 49(3): 30-35.

参考文献

[1] 贺元骅,郭君,王海斌.民航锂电池运输热灾害危险特性综述[J].民航学报,2019,3(3):88-90.
[2] 汤文军,蒋怀贞,高健,等.锂电池管理系统的船用工况环境适应性分析[J].船海工程,2022,51(3):100-103.
[3] 郭振,孟海军,李金峰.可高倍率充电的锂离子电池的军事应用[J].电池,2009,39(6):319-320.
[4] 张博钊,苟斌,徐燕璋.循环使用与储存条件对石墨/LiCoO₂电池寿命的影响分析[J].电气工程学报,2022,17(2):38-48.
[5] 戴海峰,周艳新,顾伟军,等.电动汽车用动力锂离子电池寿命问题研究综述[J].电源技术,2014,38(10):1952-1954.
[6] VETTER J,NOVAK P,WAGNER M R,et al.Ageing mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2005,147(1/2): 269-281.
[7] 汪惟源,朱寰,高正平,等.储能锂离子电池高温循环衰减机制分析[J].电源技术,2020,44(7):948-951.
[8] 刘先庆,王长宏,吴婷婷.锂离子电池老化机理及综合利用综述[J].电池,2022,52(2):223-227.
[9] KRUPP A,BECKMANN B,Diekmann T,et al.Calendar aging model for lithium-ion batteries considering the influence of cell characterization[J].Journal of Energy Storage,2021,45:103506.
[10] 孙智鹏,陈立铎,徐梓荐,等.锂离子电池典型温度与倍率放电特性分析[J].电源技术,2020,44(8):1090-1092.
[11] 李艳,胡杨,刘庆国.放电倍率对锂离子蓄电池循环性能的影响[J].电源技术,2006(6):488-491.
[12] LIU J J,WANG Z R,GONG J H,et al.Experimental study of thermal runaway process of 18650 lithium-Ion battery[J].Materials,2017,10(3):230.
[13] LI Y,WANG Q,LIAN X X,et al.X-ray computed tomography and simultaneous multi-signal detection for evaluation of thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery[J].Materials Technology,2022,37:1-10.
[14] DONAL P F,MARIO S,JAMES B R,et al.In-operando high-speed tomography of lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway[J].Nature Communications,2015,6:6924.
[15] 徐亮. 三元锂离子电池直径和荷电状态对热失控传播影响研究[J].消防科学与技术,2022,41(7):899-904.
[16] 巩译泽,谢松,黎桂树.过充截止电压对NCM523电池热安全的影响[J].电池,2022,52(4):428-432.
[17] 张青松,赵洋,刘添添.荷电状态和电池排列对锂离子电池热失控传播的影响[J].储能科学与技术,2022,11(8):2519-2525.
[18] LIU P,LIU C,YANG K,et al.Thermal runaway and fire behaviors of lithium iron phosphate battery induced by over heating[J].The Journal of Energy Storage,2020,31:101714.
[19] RIBIERE P,GRUGEON S,MORCRETTE M,et al.Investigation on the fire-induced hazards of Li-ion battery cells by fire calorimetry[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2012,5:5271-5280.
[20] 梁大宇,包婷婷,高田慧,等.锂离子电池固态电解质界面膜(SEI)的研究进展[J].储能科学与技术,2018,7(3):418-423.
[21] SUSANA V,JESUS P,MARC A,et al.Improving performance of electric double layer capacitors with a mixture of ionic liquid and acetonitrile as the electrolyte by using mass-balancing carbon electrodes[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2013,11:2064-2069.
[22] 李晨,刘桂林,王春宁,等.热失控下锂电池内部反应综述[J].电源技术,2020,44(12):1851-1854.
[23] 张青松,曲奕润,刘添添.锂离子电池热失控气体毒性风险分析方法研究 [J/OL].北京航空航天大学学报:1-10[2022-09-17].DOI: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0217.