秸秆/淀粉基保水凝胶缓释砖肥的制备及其性能

兰州理工大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 15-22.

秸秆/淀粉基保水凝胶缓释砖肥的制备及其性能

李慧^*1, 闫昊坛¹, 李小虎², 雒家其³, 李菲¹, 林巧力¹

1.兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730050;
2.大连理工大学力学与航空航天学院, 辽宁大连 116024;
3.天水市秦州区农业技术综合服务中心, 甘肃天水 741000

收稿日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-03-05
通讯作者: 李慧(1983-),女,吉林桦甸人,博士,副教授.Email:lihuidhg@lut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22463006,52463015),甘肃省自然科学基金(23JRRA794),甘肃省科技专员项目(24CXGA059),天水市秦州区科技重大专项(2024-NCKJG-4929)

Preparation and application of straw/starch-based water retention gel slow-release brick fertilizer

LI Hui¹, YAN Hao-tan¹, LI Xiao-hu², LUO Jia-qi³, LI Fei¹, LIN Qiao-li¹

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
2. School of Mechanics and Aerospace, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
3. Agricultural Technology Comprehensive Service Center of Qinzhou District of Tianshui City, Tianshui 741000, China

Received:2025-02-24 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-03-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 秸秆资源总量大,可利用潜力巨大.将秸秆、肥料与保水凝胶复合制备秸秆/保水凝胶缓释砖肥,可为秸秆肥料化利用拓展应用.以低成本的马铃薯淀粉为原料制备一种保水凝胶,经凝胶灌肥后与农业废弃物小麦秸秆粉混合,加入果胶等作为粘合剂通过压制得到一种秸秆/保水凝胶缓释砖肥.研究了砖肥保水持水性能,并通过盆栽实验研究了砖肥在蔬菜种植中的应用.研究表明:加入4.00 g缓释砖肥土壤的最大持水率可达到72.45%,平衡保水率可达到10.72%.缓释砖肥养分释放周期达到24 d,在第24 d仍能保留 13.89%的养分未释放.施用缓释砖肥的香菜表现出最佳长势,较不施用化肥以及施用尿素的香菜多1、2个叶片、植株高3.0~6.0 cm,根系长1.0~2.0 cm.

关键词: 砖肥, 秸秆, 保水凝胶, 保水持水, 缓释性能

Abstract: The total amount of straw resources is large with great potential for utilization. Straw, fertilizer and water retention gel were composited of straw/water retention gel slow-release brick fertilizer, whichcan be used to expand the application for straw fertilize. A water retention gel was prepared from low-cost potato starch, mixed with agricultural waste wheat straw powder after gel fertilization, and pectin was added as a binder to obtain a straw/water retention gel slow-release brick fertilizer by pressing. The water retention and water holding properties of the fertilizer bricks were investigated, and the potential of brick fertilizer in vegetable cultivation was studied through potting experiments. The study showed that the maximum water holding capacity of the soil can reach 72.45% with the addition of 4.00 g of slow-release brick fertilizer, and the equilibrium water retention can reach 10.72%. The nutrient release cycle of slow-release brick fertilizer reaches 24 days, and the nutrients remain unreleased on the 24th day is 13.89%. Cilantro treated with the slow-release fertilizer bricks exhibits the best growth with 1,2 more leaves, the plant height is 3.0~6.0 cm, and the root length 1.0~2.0 cm compared to those not treated with chemical fertilizers or treated with urea.

Key words: brick fertilizer, straw, water retention gel, water retention and holding, slow-release performance

中图分类号:

TQ449

李慧, 闫昊坛, 李小虎, 雒家其, 李菲, 林巧力. 秸秆/淀粉基保水凝胶缓释砖肥的制备及其性能[J]. 兰州理工大学学报, 2026, 52(1): 15-22.

LI Hui, YAN Hao-tan, LI Xiao-hu, LUO Jia-qi, LI Fei, LIN Qiao-li. Preparation and application of straw/starch-based water retention gel slow-release brick fertilizer[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2026, 52(1): 15-22.

参考文献

[1] GHUMMAN A S M,SHAMSUDDIN R,NASEF M M,et al.Sulfur enriched slow-release coated urea produced from inverse vulcanized copolymer [J].Science of The Total Environment,2022,846:157417.
[2] SALMAN O A.Polymer coating on urea prills to reduce dissolution rate [J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1988,36(3):616-621.
[3] SALMAN O A,HOVAKEEMIAN G,KHRAISHI N.Polyethylene-coated urea.2.Urea release as affected by coating material,soil type and temperature [J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,1989,28(5):633-638.
[4] SALIMI M,MOTAMEDI E,MOTESHAREZEDEH B,et al.Starch-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) composites reinforced with natural char nanoparticles toward environmentally benign slow-release urea fertilizers [J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2020,8(3):103765.
[5] SOFYANE A,ABLOUH E,LAHCINI M,et al. Slow-release fertilizers based on starch acetate/glycerol/polyvinyl alcohol biocomposites for sustained nutrient release [J].Materials Today:Proceedings,2021,36:74-81.
[6] CHIAREGATO C G,FAEZ R.Micronutrients encapsulation by starch as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer [J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2021,271:118419.
[7] SARKAR A,BISWAS D R,DATTA S C,et al. Preparation of novel biodegradable starch/poly (vinyl alcohol)/bentonite grafted polymeric films for fertilizer encapsulation [J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2021,259:117679.
[8] ZAFAR N,NIAZI M B K,SHER F,et al. Starch and polyvinyl alcohol encapsulated biodegradable nanocomposites for environment friendly slow release of urea fertilizer [J].Chemical Engineering Journal Advances,2021,7:100123.
[9] CHENG J,LIAO Z,HU S C,et al. Synthesis of an environmentally friendly binding material using pyrolysis by-products and modified starch binder for slow-release fertilizers [J].Science of the Total Environment,2022,819:153146.
[10] OTEY F H,TRIMNELL D,WESTHOFF R P,et al. Starch matrix for controlled release of urea fertilizer [J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1984,32(5):1095-1098.
[11] LV Q,XIAO T,DONG G,et al. Preparation and characterization of starch carbamate modified natural sodium alginate composite hydrogel blend formulation and its application for slow-release fertilizer [J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2024,278:134713.
[12] WENG J,ZHAI X,ZHANG G,et al. Densified and water-repellent biodegradable starch/PBAT composite films-packaged fertilizers:prediction model,controlled-release mechanism and rice application [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2023,475:146242.
[13] GUO T,DAI L,YAN B,et al. Measurements of chemical compositions in corn stover and wheat straw by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy [J].Animals,2021,11(11):3328.
[14] CHEN H,SONG J,QIU X,et al. Dissolution of organic components of straw by ionic liquid [J].BioResources,2021,16(1):1534.
[15] ZHANG N,TIAN C,FU P,et al. The fractionation of corn stalk components by hydrothermal treatment followed by ultrasonic ethanol extraction [J].Energies,2022,15(7):2616.
[16] FU G,HUO L,ZHAO L,et al. Exploration of suitable utilization paths for different parts of corn straw based on principal component analysis [J].Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery,2024:1-14.
[17] LI H,WANG N,ZHANG L,et al. Engineering and slow-release properties of lignin-based double-layer coated fertilizer [J].Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2023,34(6):2029-2043.
[18] YANG H,DAI F,CHEN H,et al. Fabrication of stalk fiber/geopolymers-based slow-release fertilizer with agricultural waste and loess for promoting plant growth [J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2023,11(2):109481.
[19] YANG L,XIE G,LI H,et al. Preparation and properties of stover cellulose grafted poly (acrylic acid-potassium humate) with water-retention and slow-release fertilizer [J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2023,140(18):e53814.
[20] 朱经伟,马亚欢,张恒,等.砖肥对植烟土壤生化性状及烤烟根系发育的影响 [J].中国烟草科学,2024,45(3):34-42.
[21] 艾栋,边立丽,张云贵,等.砖肥对土壤电导率及烤烟根系分布的影响 [J].中国土壤与肥料,2023(3):111-119.
[22] 刘珍琴.不同抗旱保水剂施用效果试验研究 [J].农业灾害研究,2021,11(6):1-2.
[23] 孔子尧,葛琳,李建军,等.聚丙烯酸钾小麦抗旱保水剂基本特性研究 [J].安徽农学通报,2021,27(21):178-181.
[24] DUAN Q,JIANG S,CHEN F,et al.Fabrication,evaluation methodologies and models of slow-release fertilizers:a review [J].Industrial Crops & Products,2023,192:116075.