固溶时效对K444合金宽温域条件下摩擦学性能的影响

兰州理工大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 8-15.

固溶时效对K444合金宽温域条件下摩擦学性能的影响

肖荣振^*1, 陈洋杨¹, 陈韩锋², 王江², 刘俊钊¹

1.兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家实验室, 甘肃兰州 730050;
2.金川集团股份有限公司镍钴共伴生资源开发与综合利用全国重点实验室, 甘肃金昌 737100

收稿日期:2025-04-20 出版日期:2026-04-28 发布日期:2026-04-28
通讯作者: 肖荣振(1980-),男,湖北武汉人,副教授. Email:xrz540909@yeah.net
基金资助:
甘肃省科技计划项目－联合科研基金重点项目 (23JRRC0009)

Effect of solution treatment and aging on the tribological properties of K444 alloy in a wide temperature range

XIAO Rong-zhen¹, CHEN Yang-yang¹, CHEN Han-feng², WANG Jiang², LIU Jun-zhao¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
2. National Key Laboratory of Ni&Co Associated Minerals Resources Development and Comprehensive Vtilization,Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang 737100, China

Received:2025-04-20 Online:2026-04-28 Published:2026-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以K444合金为对象,使用Si₃N₄球为对磨件,研究热处理K444合金在宽温域(RT-800 ℃)环境下的摩擦学性能及磨损机制.结果表明:热处理过程中诱发γ′-强化相溶解及η相析出,使材料硬度自铸态的41.8 HRC提升至时效态的45.4 HRC.在室温到600 ℃条件下,K444合金磨损率均保持在较低的水平,为10^－6 mm³·m^－1·N^－1数量级.合金经过固溶时效处理后,其磨损率明显降低,这归因于γ′强化相发生回溶并在冷却过程中弥散析出,同时析出均匀细小的η相,明显提高合金耐磨性.微观表征证实摩擦过程中原位生成的Cr₂O₃致密氧化膜是改善耐磨性的核心机制.当温度升高至800 ℃时,K444合金摩擦学性能出现明显恶化,铸态及热处理后的合金磨损率均上升到10^－5 mm³·m^－1·N^－1数量级,氧化层动态平衡失效导致氧化磨损机制占优.

关键词: 固溶, 时效, 摩擦磨损, 宽温域, K444

Abstract: The tribological properties and wear mechanisms of K444 alloy after heat treatment were investigated using Si₃N₄ balls as the counterface material over a wide temperature range (RT-800 ℃). The research results showed that the heat treatment process induces the dissolution of the γ′-strengthening phase and the precipitation of the η phase, increasing the hardness of the material from 41.8 HRC in the as-cast state to 45.4 HRC in the aged state. From room temperature to 600 ℃, the wear rate of K444 alloy remains at a low level, on the order of 10^－6 mm³·m^－1 ·N^－1 . After solution aging treatment, the wear rate of the alloy is significantly reduced, which is attributed to the re-solution of the γ' strengthening phase and the precipitation of fine and uniform η phase during cooling, significantly improving the wear resistance of the alloy. Microscopic characterization confirms that the in-situ formed dense Cr₂O₃ oxide film during friction is the core mechanism for improving wear resistance. When the temperature rises to 800 ℃, the tribological properties of K444 alloy deteriorate significantly, and thewear rates of both the as-cast and heat-treated alloys increase to the order of 10^－5 mm³·m^－1·N^－1, with the oxidation wear mechanism becoming dominant due to the failure of the dynamic balance of the oxide layer.

Key words: solution treatment, aging treatment, friction and wear, wide temperature range, K444

中图分类号:

TG132
TG156

肖荣振, 陈洋杨, 陈韩锋, 王江, 刘俊钊. 固溶时效对K444合金宽温域条件下摩擦学性能的影响[J]. 兰州理工大学学报, 2026, 52(2): 8-15.

XIAO Rong-zhen, CHEN Yang-yang, CHEN Han-feng, WANG Jiang, LIU Jun-zhao. Effect of solution treatment and aging on the tribological properties of K444 alloy in a wide temperature range[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2026, 52(2): 8-15.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://journal.lut.edu.cn/CN/

https://journal.lut.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V52/I2/8

参考文献

[1] 郭建亭,周兰章,袁超,等.我国独创和独具特色的几种高温合金的组织和性能 [J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(2):237-250.
[2] 郭建亭.变形高温合金和等轴晶铸造高温合金材料与应用基础理论研究 [J].金属学报,2010,46(11):1303-1321.
[3] 黄乾尧,李汉康.高温合金 [M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000.
[4] 杨红娟,邓星桥,刘茂,等.摩擦磨损与耐磨材料 [M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2023.
[5] 张嗣伟.我国摩擦学工业应用的节约潜力巨大——谈我国摩擦学工业应用现状的调查 [J].中国表面工程,2008(2):50-52.
[6] 薛群基.中国摩擦学研究和应用的重要进展 [J].科技导报,2008,26(23):3.
[7] 师昌绪.我国高温合金的发展与创新 [J].金属学报,2010,46(11):281-288.
[8] 刘恩宇,马庆爽,白静,等.氧化物弥散强化镍基高温合金制备与性能研究 [J].精密成形工程,2024,16(10):50-60.
[9] ANAND A,HAQ U I M,VOHRA K,et al,Role of green tribology in sustainability of mechanical systems:a state of the art survey [J].Materials Today:Proceedings,2017,4(2):3659-3665.
[10] CHADWICK G A.Directionally solidified materials for high temperature service [J].British Corrosion Journal,2013,19(4):154-155.
[11] PINT B A,WRIGHT I G,DAI S.Advanced materials and coatings for future gas turbines [J].Materials Today,2019,22:15-16.
[12] ALLEN T,BUSBY J,MEYER M,et al,Materials challenges for nuclear systems [J].Materials Today,2010,13(12):14-23.
[13] ZINKLE S,WAS G.Materials challenges in nuclear energy [J].Acta Materialia,2013,61(3):735-758.
[14] ODETTE G R,LUCASE G E.Embrittlement of nuclear reactor pressure vessels [J].Journal of The Minerals,Metals & Materials Society,2001,53:18-22.
[15] MING Z,XIN Z,CHUNLIN H,et al.High-temperature corrosion behaviours of nickel-iron-based alloys with different molybdenum and tungsten contents in a coal ash/flue gas environment [J].High Temperature Materials and Processes,2023,42:3689-3697.
[16] YOUNG B D J.High temperature oxidation and corrosion of metals [M].London:Elsevier,2008.
[17] SRIKANTH S,SARAVANAN P,KHALKHO B,et al.Failure analysis of inconel 601 radiant tubes in continuous annealing furnace of hot dip galvanizing line [J].Anal and Preven,2021,21:747-758.
[18] NIE Z H,GUO Q Y,CHAI J,et al.Initial γ′ phase formation mechanism in a GH4099 precipitation strengthened nickel-based superalloy [J].Scripta Materialia,2025,264:116702.
[19] OHL B,CAMPBELL C,DUNAND C D.Machine-learning prediction of creep strain rate in γ/γ′ cobalt-based superalloys [J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2025,934:148304.
[20] WANG H,FEI X,SUN S,et al.Modification of M₂₃C₆ carbides by Ti addition in Ni-based polycrystalline superalloy [J].Scripta Materialia,2025,263:116686.
[21] ZHANG L,YANG Q,CHEN J,et al.Precipitation and strengthening behavior of η phase in polycrystalline Ni-based superalloy [J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2025,933:148302.
[22] ZHAO D,XUAN W,SHAO G.Unveiling the short-term oxidation behavior of nickel-base superalloy CMSX-4 in high-temperature air [J].Corrosion Science,2025,251:112915.