水平轴风力机尾流湍流结构的时空演化

兰州理工大学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 64-69.

水平轴风力机尾流湍流结构的时空演化

李德顺^1,2,3, 胡进森¹, 于佳鑫¹, 郭涛¹, 焦选平¹, 李仁年^1,2,3

1.兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730050;
2.兰州理工大学甘肃省风力机工程技术研究中心, 甘肃兰州 730050; 3.兰州理工大学甘肃省流体机械及系统重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730050

收稿日期:2018-03-14 出版日期:2020-06-28 发布日期:2020-08-19
作者简介:李德顺(1980-),男,甘肃甘谷人,博士,副教授.
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展(973)计划(2014CB046201),国家自然科学基金(51766009,51566011)

Spatiotemporal evolution of turbulence structure in wake ofhorizontal-axis wind turbine

LI De-shun^1,2,3, HU Jin-sen¹, YU Jia-xin¹, GUO Tao¹, JIAO Xuan-ping¹, LI Ren-nian^1,2,3

1. College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou Univ. of Tech., Lanzhou 730050, China;
2. Wind Energy Technology Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Univ. of Tech., Lanzhou 730050, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and System of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Univ. of Tech., Lanzhou 730050, China

Received:2018-03-14 Online:2020-06-28 Published:2020-08-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于小波变换的分析方法,结合致动线模型和大涡模拟研究了一台33 kW水平轴风力机尾流湍流结构的时空演化过程.研究发现,随着距风轮平面距离的增大,尾流中各测点的平均速度先减小后逐渐增大,速度波动的幅值呈减小趋势;风轮后7倍直径内,速度曲线具有明显的周期性,反映出脱落涡通过频率为1.80 Hz,其为风轮旋转频率的两倍.风轮后1倍直径测点处的叶尖涡所在的频率为0.78~25.00 Hz,形成的涡管通过该测点的时间约为0.32 s,涡管直径约为1.83 m;3倍直径测点处出现了0.15~0.78 Hz的低频率湍流结构;7倍直径测点处叶尖涡的频率为1.56~25.00 Hz,相比7倍直径测点之前的叶尖涡频率范围有大幅减小;8倍直径测点处,与近尾流区域相似的叶尖涡的涡管形状消失;9倍直径测点处叶尖涡基本完全耗散.

关键词: 风力机尾流, 湍流结构, 小波变换

Abstract: Based on the analysis method of wavelet transformation and incorporated with actuating line model and large eddy simulation, the spatiotemporal evolution of the turbulence structure of wake of a 33 kW horizontal-axis wind turbine was investigated. It was found by the investigation that with the increase of the distance from the rotor rotation plane, the average velocity of wake at each measurement point would decrease first and then gradually increase, the amplitude of the velocity fluctuation would exhibit a decreasing trend; within the region of 7 times of rotor diameter behind the wind turbine, the flow velocity curve would have a pronounced periodicity, reflecting that the passing frequency of the shed vortex was 1.8 Hz, twice as high as the rotation frequency of the wind turbine. The frequency of appearance of blade tip vortices at the measuring point of unit rotor diameter behind the rotor would be from 0.78 to 25.00 Hz, the passing time of the formed vortex tube over the measurement point would be approximately 0.32 s, and the diameter of the vortex tube would be approximately 1.83 m. A low-frequency turbulence structure with frequency from 0.15 to 0.78 Hz would appear at the measuring point of 3-fold rotor diameter from the rotor; the frequency range of blade tip vortex at measuring point of 7-fold rotor diameter from the rotor would be from 1.56 to 25.00 Hz, which was greatly reduced when compared with the case of foregoing blade tip vortex. At the measurement point of 8-fold rotor diameter from the rotor, the vortex tube shape of blade tip vortex similar to that in near wake region would disappear; the blade tip vortex at the measuring point of 9-fold rotor dimeter from the rotor would dissipate almost completely.

Key words: wind turbine wake, turbulence structure, wavelet transform

中图分类号:

TK83

李德顺, 胡进森, 于佳鑫, 郭涛, 焦选平, 李仁年. 水平轴风力机尾流湍流结构的时空演化[J]. 兰州理工大学学报, 2020, 46(3): 64-69.

LI De-shun, HU Jin-sen, YU Jia-xin, GUO Tao, JIAO Xuan-ping, LI Ren-nian. Spatiotemporal evolution of turbulence structure in wake ofhorizontal-axis wind turbine[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2020, 46(3): 64-69.

参考文献

[1] BARTHELMIE R,HANSEN K,RADOS K,et al.Modelling the impact of wakes on power output at Nysted and Horns Rev[C]//Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference.Marseille:EWEC,2009:33-43.
[2] 杨瑞,王小丽,许世海,等.水平轴风力机尾流场的特性分析 [J].兰州理工大学学报,2016,42(2):57-61.
[3] THOMSEN K,SΦRENSEN P.Fatigue loads for wind turbines operating in wakes [J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1999,80(1):121-136.
[4] SΦRENSEN J N,Shen W Z.Numerical Modeling of Wind Turbine Wakes [J].ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering,2002,124:393-399.
[5] KECK R E.A numerical investigation of nacelle anemometry for a HAWT using actuator disc and line models in CFX [J].Renewable Engert,2012,48:72-84.
[6] AMEUR K,MASSON C.Effects of wind turbine rotor modelling on nacelle anemometry [J].Wind Engineering,2013,37(6):617-636.
[7] TROLDBORG N.Actuator line modelling of wind turbine wakes [D].Danish:Technical University of Denmark,2008.
[8] TROLDBORG N,SΦRENSEN J N,MIKKESEN R.Numerical simulations of wake characteristics of a wind turbine in uniform flow [J].Wind Energy,2010,13(1):86-99.
[9] IVANRELL S,CENTRE L F.Analysis of numerically generated wake structures [J].Wind Energy,2009,12(1):63-80.
[10] IVANRELL S,MIKKESEN R,SΦRENSEN J N,et al.Stability analysis of the tip vortices of a wind turbine [J].Wind Energy,2010,13(8):705-715.
[11] MO J,CHOUDHRY A,MAZIAR A,et al.Effects of wind speed changes on wake instability of a wind turbine in a virtual wind tunnel using large eddy simulation [J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2013,117(6):11-24.
[12] UZOL N S,UZOL O.Effect of steady and transient wind shear on the wake structure and performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine rotor [J].Wind Energy,2013,16(1):1-17.
[13] JOSEPH S,ALBERTO A.Wind turbine performance in shear flow and in the wake of another turbine through high fidelity numerical simulations with moving mesh technique [J].Wind Energy,2013,16(1):123-138.
[14] HUN C,CHIANG P.Turbulence effects on the wake flow and power production of a horizontal-axis wind turbine [J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2014,124(9):82-89.
[15] CHURCHFIELD M,LEE S,MICHALAKES J,et al.A numerical study of the effects of atmospheric and wake turbulence on wind turbine dynamics [J].Journal of Turbulence,2012,13(13):1-32.
[16] 张兆顺,崔桂香,许春晓.湍流大涡模拟数值模拟的理论和应用 [M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008.
[17] 郭会芬,邱翔,刘宇陆.小波变换在湍流数值研究中的应用 [J].计算力学学报,2006,23(1):58-64.
[18] ADDISON P.Wavelet analysis of the breakdown of a pulsed vortex flow [J].ARCHIVE Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C:Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1999,213(3):217-229.
[19] ADDISON P,MURRAY K,WATSON J.Wavelet transform analysis of open channel wake flows [J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2001,127(1):58-70.
[20] KELLEY N,OSGOOD R,BIALASIEWICZ J,et al.Using time-frequency and wavelet analysis to assess turbulence/rotor interactions [J].Office of Scientific & Technical Information Technical Reports,2000,3(3):121-134.