基于双脉冲特征的滚动轴承缺陷尺寸估计方法

兰州理工大学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 39-47.

基于双脉冲特征的滚动轴承缺陷尺寸估计方法

剡昌锋^*1, 赵伟坤¹, 孟佳东^1,2, 王文斌³, 吴黎晓¹

1.兰州理工大学机电工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730050;
2.兰州交通大学铁道技术学院, 甘肃兰州 730030;
3.甘肃路桥新锐交通科技有限责任公司, 甘肃兰州 730100

收稿日期:2019-04-03 出版日期:2021-04-28 发布日期:2021-05-11
通讯作者: 剡昌锋(1974-),男,甘肃平凉人,博士,研究员,博导.Email:changf_yan@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51765034)

Defect size estimation of rolling bearings based on double impulses characteristic method

YAN Chang-feng¹, ZHAO Wei-kun¹, MENG Jia-dong^1,2, WANG Wen-bin³, WU Li-xiao¹

1. School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Lanzhou Univ. of Tech., Lanzhou 730050, China;
2. School of Railway Technology, Lanzhou Jiaotong Univ., Lanzhou 730030, China;
3. Gansu Luqiao Xinrui Traffic Technology Co. Ltd., Lanzhou 730100, China

Received:2019-04-03 Online:2021-04-28 Published:2021-05-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据提取的滚动轴承特征信号实现对故障缺陷尺寸的准确估计,提出了一种基于双脉冲特征的滚动轴承缺陷尺寸估计方法.采用AR模型对采集到的振动信号进行预白化处理,对预白化处理后的信号进行VMD分解,得到一系列固有模态函数.根据峭度值和互信息最大,分别选取包含有阶跃成分与冲击成分的分量,并采用平方包络增强信号的特征.根据双脉冲特征,确定滚动体进入和退出缺陷时所对应的时间,提出了故障轴承的缺陷尺寸估计方法.研究了转速和缺陷尺寸对该方法精度的影响,分析了造成误差的原因.通过实验验证该提取方法的有效性,经过估计得到的缺陷尺寸误差在5%以内,验证了该缺陷尺寸估计方法具有较高的精度.

关键词: 双脉冲, 滚动轴承, 缺陷尺寸估计, 变分模态分解

Abstract: A defect size estimation method based on double impulses feature is proposed in this paper for rolling bearing. This method realizes accurate estimation of fault defect size according to extracted feature signals of the rolling bearing. Collected vibration signals are pre-whitened by an AR model, and the pre-whited signals are decomposedinto a series of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) by Variational Mode Decomposed (VMD). According to the kurtosis value and the mutual information being the largest, the step component and the impact component are extracted respectively. Then, the square envelope is applied to enhance characteristics of the signals. According to double impulsescharacteristics, the corresponding time when the rolling element enters or exits the defect is determined hereby, and the defect size estimation method of the fault bearing is put forward as a result. This paper also shows the influence of rotational speed and defect size on accuracy of above method, and analyzes possible causes of errors. The effectiveness of the proposed extraction method has been verified by experiments. The error of estimated defect size is less than 5%. It is verified that the defect size estimation method has higher accuracy.

Key words: double impulses, rolling bearing, calculate defect size, VMD

中图分类号:

TH133.3

剡昌锋, 赵伟坤, 孟佳东, 王文斌, 吴黎晓. 基于双脉冲特征的滚动轴承缺陷尺寸估计方法[J]. 兰州理工大学学报, 2021, 47(2): 39-47.

YAN Chang-feng, ZHAO Wei-kun, MENG Jia-dong, WANG Wen-bin, WU Li-xiao. Defect size estimation of rolling bearings based on double impulses characteristic method[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2021, 47(2): 39-47.

参考文献

[1] SAWALHI N,RANDALL R B,ENDO H.The enhancement of fault detection and diagnosis in rolling element bearings using minimum entropy deconvolution combined with spectral kurtosis[J].Mechanical Systems &Signal Processing,2007,21(6):2616-2633.
[2] 剡昌锋,周俊,吴黎晓,等.基于快速峭度图算法与平方包络共振解调的滚动轴承自适应故障诊断方法[J].兰州理工大学学报,2017,43(1):33-38.
[3] DOWLING M J.Application of non-stationary analysis to machinery monitoring[C]//IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing.Adelaide:IEEE,1993:59-62.
[4] EPPS I K.An investigation into vibrations excited by discrete faults in rolling element bearings[D].Canterbury:University of Canterbury,1991.
[5] SAWALHI N,RANDALL R B.Simulating gear and bearing interactions in the presence of faults:part Ⅰ.The combined gear bearing dynamic model and the simulation of localised bearing faults[J].Mechanical Systems &Signal Processing,2008,22(22):1924-1951.
[6] ZHAO S F,LIANG L,XU G H,et al.Quantitative diagnosis of a spall-like fault of a rolling element bearing by empirical mode decomposition and the approximate entropy method[J].Mechanical Systems &Signal Processing,2013,40(1):154-177.
[7] 孔佑炳,郭瑜,伍星.基于EEMD的混合陶瓷球轴承故障双冲击特征提取[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(1):17-22.
[8] JENA D P,PANIGRAHI S N.Precise measurement of defect width in tapered roller bearing using vibration signal[J].Measurement,2014,55(3):39-50.
[9] KHANAM S,TANDON N,DUTT J K.Fault size estimation in the outer race of ball bearing using discrete wavelet transform of the vibration signal[J].Procedia Technology,2014,14:12-19.
[10] 孙守保,郭瑜,伍星.基于声发射信号的滚动轴承外圈疲劳剥落故障双冲击特征提取[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(4):1-6.
[11] SAWALHI N,RANDALL R B.Simulating gear and bearing interactions in the presence of faults:part II.Simulation of the vibrations produced by extended bearing faults[J].Mechanical Systems &Signal Processing,2008,22(8):1952-1966.
[12] MOAZEN-AHMADI A,HOWARD C Q,PETERSEN D.The path of rolling elements in defective bearings:Observations,analysis and methods to estimate spall size[J].Journal of Sound &Vibration,2016,366:277-292.
[13] MOAZEN-AHMADI A,HOWARD C Q.A defect size estimation method based on operational speed and path of rolling elements in defective bearings[J].Journal of Sound &Vibration,2016,385:138-148.
[14] DRAGOMIRETSKIY K,ZOSSO D.Variational mode decomposition[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2014,62(3):531-544.
[15] JIANG X X,LI S M,CHENG C.A novel method for adaptive multiresonance bands detection based on VMD and using MTEO to enhance rolling element bearing fault diagnosis[J].Shock and Vibration,2016,2:20-39.
[16] 张伟,白恺,宋鹏,等.基于VMD和奇异值能量差分谱的风机滚动轴承故障特征提取方法[J].华北电力技术,2017(3):59-64.
[17] HARRIS T A,KOTZALAS M N.Rolling bearing analysis essential concepts of bearing technology[M].NewYork:Taybor&Francis Journals,2006.
[18] 从飞云,陈进,董广明.基于滚动轴承故障诊断的AR预测滤波器阶数问题研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(4):44-47.