基于指数积理论的数控机床加工精度可靠性分析

兰州理工大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 46-53.

基于指数积理论的数控机床加工精度可靠性分析

王智明^*, 许腾, 周健

兰州理工大学机电工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730050

收稿日期:2023-01-18 发布日期:2025-10-25
通讯作者: 王智明(1969-),男,甘肃天水人,博士,教授. Email:wangzhiming301@sohu.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52365063)

Machining accuracy reliability analysis of CNC machine tools based on product-of-exponential theory

WANG Zhi-ming, XU Teng, ZHOU Jian

School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China

Received:2023-01-18 Published:2025-10-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 数控机床的加工精度是影响产品质量的重要因素.为了提高多轴数控机床的加工精度可靠性,基于指数积理论建立了机床几何误差模型和加工精度可靠性模型.采用改进的一次二阶矩法,分析了机床加工精度的可靠性和几何误差项的灵敏度,提出了通用的机床精度分配方法.该方法不仅给出了机床垂直度误差的物理意义,而且解决了矩阵奇异问题.以大型数控导轨磨床为例,根据几何误差项的灵敏度进行分析,通过优化调整主要几何误差项提高磨床的加工精度可靠性.结果表明,该精度分配方法有效可行.

关键词: 精度分配, 改进的一次二阶矩法, 加工精度可靠性, 指数积模型

Abstract: The machining accuracy of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools is an important factor affecting product quality. To improve the machining accuracy reliability of multi-axis CNC machine tools, based on the product-of-exponential (POE) theory, the geometric error model and machining accuracy reliability model of machine tools are established. Using the improved first-order second-moment method, the machining accuracy reliability of machine tools is analyzed, as well as the sensitivity of geometric error terms. A universal accuracy allocation method to optimize the machining accuracy of machine tools is proposed, which not only gives the physical meaning of machine tools’ perpendicularity error but also solves the problem of matrix singularity. Taking a large guideway gantry grinder as an example, according to the sensitivity analysis results of geometric error terms, the machining accuracy reliability of the grinder was improved by optimizing and adjusting the parameters of main geometric error terms. The results show that the accuracy allocation method proposed in this paper is both effective and practical.

Key words: accuracy allocation, improved first-order second-moment method, machining accuracy reliability, product-of-exponential model

中图分类号:

TG659
TB114

王智明, 许腾, 周健. 基于指数积理论的数控机床加工精度可靠性分析[J]. 兰州理工大学学报, 2025, 51(5): 46-53.

WANG Zhi-ming, XU Teng, ZHOU Jian. Machining accuracy reliability analysis of CNC machine tools based on product-of-exponential theory[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2025, 51(5): 46-53.

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