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Table of Content

    28 April 2025, Volume 51 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Materials Science and Engineering
    Effect of NH4VO3 concentration on microstructure and properties of thermal control coatings fabricated by micro-arc oxidation on aluminum alloys
    LI Zheng-qiang, MA Ying, OU Kai-qi, AN Xiao-li, HENG Zhi-dan, WANG Sheng
    2025, 51 (2):  1-7. 
    Abstract ( 198 )   PDF (3318KB) ( 93 )   Save
    The effects of different concentrations of NH4VO3 coloring agent on the morphology, darkness, microstructure, phase composition, corrosion resistance, and thermal control properties of the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were investigated by incorporating varying concentrations of NH4VO3 coloring agent into the electrolyte based on the phosphate-silicate solution system. The results demonstrated that as the concentration of NH4VO3 increases, the darkness of the coating gradually decreases while its color intensifies. However, when the concentration exceeds a critical value, coating formation deteriorates. The black appearance of the coating is attributed to V2O3 phase formation. The addition of NH4VO3 promotes a self-sealing micro-pore phenomenon in the black coating, significantly enhancing its corrosion resistance. Electrochemical detection revealed that corrosion resistance of the black coatings is 5 and 3 orders higher than thatof both substrate and non-colored coatings, respectively. Moreover, maximum absorptance and emittance values for the black coatings are measured as 0.927 and 0.882, respectively. Both thermal control and corrosion resistance properties for a black coating are achieved simultaneous improvement.
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    Phase field simulation of martensitic phase transformation in Fe-Ni alloys under different loading conditions
    LIU Geng-gen, MAN Jiao, WANG Qing-tian, WANG Jun-cheng, YANG Bin
    2025, 51 (2):  8-16. 
    Abstract ( 181 )   PDF (5951KB) ( 46 )   Save
    Based on the phase field model of martensitic phase transformation in Fe-Ni alloys, an elastic-plastic phase field model coupling applied load and plastic deformation is established. The martensitic phase transformation behaviour in Fe-Ni polycrystalline alloys under different loading conditions is simulated, and the growth of variant nuclei, stress distribution and volume fraction during the phase transformation process are analyzed and discussed. During the simulation process, the simulation results are compared with relevant experiments to ensure the reasonableness of the phase field model. The simulation results showed that, in the nucleation growth process, the nucleation points of the phase transformations under the applied tensile load are more than those under the compressive load and the no-load state. The stresses in this process are mainly concentrated at the phase interface between different variants, while the stresses inside the variants are small. An applied tensile load increases the volume fraction in the phase transition and accelerates the kinetic process of the martensitic phase transition, while an applied compressive load provides the opposite effect. The load component perpendicular to the plane of inertia reduces the total free energy of the system for tensile loads compared to compressive loads, and the martensitic phase transformation is more likely to occur under tensile than compressive conditions.
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    The accurate dimension measurement method of Digital Radiography based on reference blocks
    MA Hai-quan, LI Chun-kai, GAN Yong, FAN Hong-tao LI Qiu-sheng, DING Ning
    2025, 51 (2):  17-22. 
    Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (3344KB) ( 83 )   Save
    For DR detection technology, the size of the X-ray source focus, geometric magnification, detector pixel size, and image calibration reference size are key factors affecting the measurement accuracy of DR detection technology. Therefore, through DR experiments based on a single variable method, the influence law of the above four factors on the measurement error of size quantification was qualitatively analyzed. On this basis, a high-precision size quantitative method based on defect size selection of benchmark blocks was proposed and verified by experiments on actual workpieces. The results showed that the size of the X-ray source focus and detector pixel size are proportional to the quantitative measurement error, while the geometric magnification shows a trend of decreasing first and then tending to be regionally stable with the measurement error. The actual physical size of a single pixel is directly related to the reference size. Under the premise that DR image quality meets detection standard requirements, the closer the reference size is to the actual defect size, the lower the quantitative measurement error will be. By selecting appropriate benchmark blocks, measurement errors can be effectively controlled within ±0.05 mm.
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    Radial compression mechanical properties of basaltfiber wound composite pipes
    YANG Rui, ZHANG Jie, ZENG Yun, SUNHao-ming, XIANG Dong, LIU Xing-hua
    2025, 51 (2):  23-30. 
    Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (4688KB) ( 37 )   Save
    To improve the bearing capacity and engineering adaptability of basalt fiber wrapped composite pipes, the mechanical properties and failure modes of basalt fiber wrapped composite pipes under radial loads were studied based on experiments and numerical simulations. Effects of winding angle, single-layer thickness, diameter to thickness ratio, and other structural parameters on the composite pipe’s failure mechanism were discussed. The results showed that the failure modes of composite pipes under radial compression are matrix tensile damage and fiber tensile damage. The failure zone gradually spreads from the plastic stranded wire area to the entire pipeline as the radial compression displacement increases. The maximum radial bearing capacity and total energy absorption of the composite pipe increase with the increasing of fiber winding angle but decrease with the increasing of diameter to thickness ratio. Increasing the single layer thickness can improve the bearing capacity of composite pipes but result in the plastic hinge of the composite pipe bearing a greater bending moment during deformation, causing the pipe section gradually change from an elliptical shape to a “glasses” shape. On the contrary, it will cause the pipe to change in a “flat” shape.
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    Mechanical Engineering and Power Engineering
    Contact impact model analysis of radial flexible scroll compressor
    LIU Tao, JIN Xiao-na, WANG He-yin, MA De-quan
    2025, 51 (2):  31-37. 
    Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (3873KB) ( 30 )   Save
    Aiming at the leakage problem between dynamic and static scroll teeth caused by the meshing error of radial flexible scroll compressor, based on the contact dynamics theory and the meshing principle of dynamic and static scroll teeth, the concept of meshing collision impact between dynamic and static scroll teeth is put forward, and the meshing contact impact dynamic model of the scroll compressor is established. Based on Lankarani-Nikravesh nonlinear spring damping impact force model, a contact impact model of radial clearance between dynamic and static scroll teeth considering meshing error excitation is given. The deformation at the meshing point of the two models is calculated by the finite element numerical calculation method to investigate the impact model of scroll compressor under a radial meshing contact impact force. The results show that the deformation of scroll teeth increases with the increase of spindle rotation angle under meshing impact excitation in a compression period. The deformation trend at the meshing point obtained from the meshing contact impact dynamic model is consistent with that obtained from the radial clearance contact impact model of dynamic and static scroll teeth. Furthermore, the impact recovery coefficient in the radial clearance contact impact model of dynamic and static scroll teeth also has some influence on the impact deformation. Therefore, the initial clearance of the meshing point can be determined by controlling the collision recovery coefficient, and a new idea for controlling the radial leakage of the scroll compressor can be provided.
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    Vibration of FG-GRC beam on elastic foundation
    ZHANG Jing-hua, YAO Yu-qin
    2025, 51 (2):  38-43. 
    Abstract ( 192 )   PDF (2628KB) ( 154 )   Save
    The vibration of a graphene platelets reinforced functionally graded composite (FG-GRC) beam placed on an elastic foundation is studied. Firstly, the dynamic governing differential equations of the problem are established by applying the variational principle based on the classical beam theory, in which the material properties of the composites are described according to the mechanical models of Halpin-Tsai and the rule of mixture. Then, the governing equations are solved analytically by the method of separated variables, yielding the dimensionless natural frequencies of the beam with three kinds of boundary constraints on the elastic foundation. Furthermore, the results are compared with the existing ones in the literatures by reduced to no foundation, which proves correctness of the theoretical derivations and numerical calculations. Finally, effects of foundation stiffness, graphene content and geometric parameters on the natural frequencies of the FG-GRC beam are discussed by analyzing of the numerical results. It is found that the influence of the elastic foundation on the fundamental frequencies is obvious, with the influence diminishing as the mode order increases. In addition, the variations of the geometric shapes of graphene platelets have great influences on the natural frequencies.
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    Research on fault identification method of ensemble extreme learning machine based on feature selection
    MA Chi, ZHAO Rong-zhen, YUAN Jian-hui, ZHENG Yu-qiao
    2025, 51 (2):  44-50. 
    Abstract ( 167 )   PDF (1865KB) ( 20 )   Save
    Aiming at the problem that the traditional extreme learning machine neural network cannot get the best classification performance when processing complex data, an improved method of integrated extreme learning machine based on feature selection is proposed. And it is used to calculate to constitute a high-dimensional data set. Then the high-dimensional data set is attribute reduced by the neighborhood rough set algorithm, and different feature subsets are generated by using different neighborhood radii to reduce the data setach feature subset is divided into training set and test set and input to the extreme learning machine for pattern recognition. Finally, the prediction results multiple extreme learning machines are integratedfinal recognition results the relative majority voting method. It is proved thatcomparing with traditional extreme learning machine this method can improve the recognition accuracy of rolling bearing fault categories and make the fault classification results more accurate and effective.
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    Study on cavitation flow characteristics of multistage centrifugal pump as hydraulic turbine
    MIAO Sen-chun, LIU Jian, PU Hai-yan
    2025, 51 (2):  51-59. 
    Abstract ( 123 )   PDF (11368KB) ( 24 )   Save
    In order to study the influence of cavitation on the internal flow of hydraulic turbine in a multistage centrifugal pump, a three-stage centrifugal pump was selected as the research object. Based on Zwart cavitation model and KNG k-ε turbulence model, three-dimensional numerical simulation of different cavitation numbers was carried out under rated flow conditions turbulence model. The internal flow law of the main flow components was analyzed, and suggestions for reducing cavitation were put forward. The results show that a small amount of cavitation is generated after cavitation inception, which changes the inlet and outlet circulation of the last stage impeller, resulting in a 2% increase in head and a 3% increase in shaft power. There are airfoil cavitation and vortex cavitation in the last stage impeller. Excessive distortion at the blade tail can induce airfoil cavitation, and excessive inlet flow relative to the flow angle causes vortex cavitation. Cavitation occurs first at the outlet of the tailrace chamber, and the flow state inside the chamber is affected by the uneven flow rate. The flow on the left side of the chamber is more chaotic, while the right side is more regular. This study provides a reference for inhibiting the cavitation phenomenon of multistage centrifugal pumps as hydraulic turbines and improving the stability of turbine operation.
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    Research on the mechanical characteristics of the whole process of wind turbine tower lifting
    WANG Qiang-bing
    2025, 51 (2):  60-64. 
    Abstract ( 116 )   PDF (1597KB) ( 100 )   Save
    The static and transient dynamics of the whole process of tower dismantling are investigated for the stability issues of the tower dismantling process of wind turbines. The first section of the tower of a2 MW wind turbine is taken as the object of study, and the effects of the position of the hook, the number of slings are considered, and the role of the wind load is considered to explore the reasonable configuration of the tower dismantling program. In this study, the displacement and stress response characteristics of the tower drum under different hook positions and the number of slings are firstly solved by using finite element static analysis. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of the whole process of lifting the tower drum with three slings are investigated based on the results of the static analysis. The results show that, in the static analysis, the equivalent force of the tower tube with 3 slings is smaller than that with 2 and 4 slings, while also exhibiting the smallest variation of the equivalent force. The deformation response of the tower tube with 3 and 4 slings has similar variation and trend. Under the consideration of wind load and tower inertia force, the maximum deformation and equivalent force of the tower occur during the acceleration stage of lifting. Additionally, as the hook position moves closer to the top flange of the tower section, the variation amplitude of deformation and equivalent stress increases, demonstrating a strong correlation between hook position and tower section acceleration. The maximum equivalent stress during the accelerated lifting phase reaches 223.26 MPa, which is still a large margin compared with the permissible stress of 313.6 MPa in the tower.
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    Chemical Industry and Light Industry
    Biomass porous carbon adsorbs double dye molecules to enhance electrochemical performance
    MA Ji, XU Hui, BAO Yuan-hai, ZUO Sha-sha, KANG Kai-yue
    2025, 51 (2):  65-70. 
    Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (3806KB) ( 137 )   Save
    Ginkgo leaf-derived porous carbon (KGL) was used to simultaneously adsorb azo dye carmine (AR) and anthraquinone dye alizarin red S (ARS). The combination of active dye molecules and porous carbon materials exerted good redox activity. Compared with the adsorption of a single dye, the carbon material adsorbed with double dye molecules has more redox active sites, with both dye molecules simultaneously exhibiting pseudocapacitance characteristics. At a current density of 1 A·g-1, the optimized composite electrode material (KGL/AR-ARS-5) exhibits a specific capacitance of 811.3 F·g-1. The energy density of asymmetric capacitor assembled with KGL as negative electrode and KGL/AR-ARS-5 as positive electrode can reach 15.4 Wh·kg-1 at power density of 700 W·kg-1.
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    Automation Technique and Computer Technology
    Predictive compensation control of cyber physical systems under hybrid cyber attacks
    ZHU Chao-qun, XIN Wen-rui
    2025, 51 (2):  71-77. 
    Abstract ( 161 )   PDF (1280KB) ( 95 )   Save
    The predictive compensation control problem is investigated based on output feedback for cyber-physical systems (CPS) under hybrid cyber attacks. A compensation control method with multi-step prediction is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of hybrid cyber attacks and attack energy constraints, a switching system model of CPS with an embedded subsystem structure is established. Secondly, sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of the systems are derived by utilizing Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality technology. Then an output feedback-based predictive compensation control strategy is presented to achieve stabilization control of CPS. Finally, a simulation example of a networked DC motor system is provided to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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    Improved sparrow search algorithm based on adaptive t distribution and its applications
    ZHAO Xiao-qiang, GU Peng
    2025, 51 (2):  78-87. 
    Abstract ( 212 )   PDF (2641KB) ( 162 )   Save
    To solve the problems of the original sparrow search algorithm, such as poor global search ability, weak local development ability, and easy fall into local optimal, this paper proposes an adaptive t-distribution sparrow search algorithm (ATSSA) based on adaptive t-distribution. Tent chaos mapping is introduced to initialize the population to increase the diversity of the initial population. Subsequently, the adaptive t-distribution mutation operator is used to perturb individual positions to improve the global search ability. Meanwhile, the t-distribution mutation operator introduced by dynamic selection probability adjustment is used to balance the global search ability of the algorithm. Finally, the elite reverse learning strategy is integrated, and the location generated the optimal solution is disturbed to generate a new solution, which prompts the algorithm to jump out of the local optimal. Ten benchmark test functions are used in the simulation experiment, and the results show that ATSSA has better optimization ability than SSA. Moreover, ATSSA and deep extreme learning machines are used to construct a prediction model. The octane data set is used to carry out the experiments, and the prediction accuracy of the model is improved from 87.31% to 99.32%, verifying the algorithms promising potential for engineering applications.
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    Multi-target tracking optimization sensor control strategy based on particle swarm optimization algorithm
    CHEN Hui, WEI Feng-qi, ZHAO Yong-hong, PENG Tian-shu
    2025, 51 (2):  88-93. 
    Abstract ( 183 )   PDF (1556KB) ( 157 )   Save
    This paper presents a sensor control strategy based on particle swarm optimization for multi-target tracking optimization. Among the multi-target tracking methods, the Poisson multi Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter is widely used for its effective representation of undetected (existing but not detected) target information and more efficient recursive structure. First, the multi-target prediction state is obtained through the prediction process of the PMBM filter. Then, taking this as a priori information, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to solve the optimal observation position of the sensor based on the criterion of maximizing the proximity to each target. The sensor then captures the optimal quality measurement information. Finally, the optimized multi-objective posterior state is obtained by the update process of the PMBM filter. Simulation experiments were conducted to compare the effectiveness of multi-target tracking optimization, and the results show that the proposed sensor control strategy has better multi-target tracking accuracy.
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    Multi-VSG reactive power distribution control strategy based on coupling point voltage
    YANG Qiao-ling, HU Fang-bin, ZHANG Xiao-yu, REN Qiu-yan
    2025, 51 (2):  94-99. 
    Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (1932KB) ( 15 )   Save
    Because of the resistance and mismatch of line impedance in low-voltage microgrid, the multi-inverters controlled by conventional virtual synchronous generator (VSG) often have problems with power coupling and uneven reactive power distribution. To address these issues, a reactive power distribution control strategy for multi-VSG based on coupling point voltage estimation is proposed. First, virtual impedance technology is introduced to design equivalent output impedance as inductance to realize power decoupling. Secondly, the voltage of the common coupling point is accurately estimated. In order to decouple the line impedance from the reactive power, negative feedback and an integral link based on the common coupling point estimation voltage is introduced into the excitation controller. Finally, a dynamic virtual impedance mechanism is implemented. The reactive power is used to adjust the voltage drop of the common coupling point, and the influence of the impedance mismatch on the circulating current is reduced, thereby the power quality is improved. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
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    Design of automobile remote monitoring system based on cloud platform
    ZHAO Geng-yun, WANG Jia, LI Wan-min, LIU Xiao-bin
    2025, 51 (2):  100-106. 
    Abstract ( 200 )   PDF (6910KB) ( 142 )   Save
    An automobile remote monitoring system based on a cloud platform is designed in order to realize the real-time monitoring of the driving status and position of multiple vehicles. The system mainly includes an on-board terminal and cloud service platform. The on-board terminal collects the vehicle status data from the vehicle OBD diagnostic interface and position data through the GPS module, then transmits this data to the cloud service platform by the 4G communication module. The cloud service platform composed of a monitoring center, database, and web server is designed. The monitoring center receives, displays the data sent by the on-board terminal, and stores it in the database. The web side monitors the vehicle remotely and in real-time through the browser. The long-time operation results of the system show that the monitoring center can stably monitor multiple vehicles remotely, providing accurate location data with a map refresh rate of approximately 1.8 Hz and access to the historical track and other data. The web side can remotely monitor individual vehicles with a data refresh rate of 1 Hz.
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    Architectural Sciences
    Seismic behavior of sleeve assembly joint of cold-formed thin-wall steel concrete frame
    WANG Xiu-li, SU Xiao-bin, HOU Hong-jie
    2025, 51 (2):  107-117. 
    Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (5173KB) ( 146 )   Save
    In order to promote the development of low-rise prefabricated light steel concrete building in rural residential buildings, the prefabricated sleeve joint, which is suitable for beam-column connection, is put forward to overcome the problems, such as difficult connection, inconvenient assembly and poor seismic performance of light steel concrete frame joints. Through the numerical simulation of finite element software ABAQUS, the failure characteristics, hysteretic curve, skeleton curve, stiffness degradation and ductility of joints with different structural forms were analyzed. The effects of axial compression ratio, angle steel thickness and sleeve thickness on its seismic performance are studied. The results show that the seismic performance of joints with different structural forms is quite different. Specifically; the welded joints exhibit high bearing capacity but poor ductility, the hinged joints have low bearing capacity but high ductility; the angle steel joints show good bearing capacity, high ductility coefficient and convenient assembly. The axial compression ratio has little effect on the seismic performance of angle steel joints; The thickness of angle steel and sleeve are two important parameters affecting the seismic performance of angle steel joints. When the thickness of angle steel is between 4 mm and 6 mm and the thickness of sleeve is 6mm, the seismic performance of joints is the best.
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    Study on low temperature creep characteristics of recycled asphalt mortar
    ZHANG Gao-fang, LAI Ping, LI Ping, CHEN Long-jian, LI Ning
    2025, 51 (2):  118-125. 
    Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (3992KB) ( 261 )   Save
    In order to study the low-temperature creep characteristics of recycledasphalt binder from reclaimed pavement materials,bending beam rheometer(BBR) tests were performed to evaluate the performance characteristics of both the original reclaimed asphalt binder and rejuvenator-modified asphalt binder.The results show that both the stiffness modulus of the recycled asphalt glue and the recycled asphalt glue gradually decrease with the increase of loading time, while the creep rate gradually increases with the increase of loading time. The blending amount is inversely proportional to the stiffness modulus of the reclaimed asphalt mortar and its creep rate is inversely proportional. Additionally, as the amount of regenerant increases, the low-temperature cracking resistance of the reclaimed asphalt mortar improves.
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    Study on damage recognition method of beam structural based on generalized flexibility matrix and information entropy
    XIANG Chang-sheng, ZHAO Ran, ZHOU Yu, WANG Li-xian, LIU Hai-long
    2025, 51 (2):  126-134. 
    Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (4224KB) ( 140 )   Save
    The beam structural damage recognition method based on a flexible matrix is a more sensitive damage power fingerprints compared to frequency and modality. In view of the sensitivity advantage of a generalized flexibility matrix in structural injury recognition and combining information entropy theory, a generalized flexibility matrix entropy curvature difference indicator (GFMECD) is proposed as a new method for structural damage recognition.By establishing the finite element numerical models of a simply supported beam and the continuous beam, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed indicators is verified. The results show that, regardless of single-point damage or multi-point damage, the GFMECD index can accurately identify the location of both single-point and multi-point structural damage, exhibiting strong noise robustness. Additionally, it provides a preliminary assessment of the damage severity, making it suitable for damage localization and initial quantification in structures with varying damage degrees.
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    Numerical analysis of buckling characteristics of suction caisson foundation during penetration
    REN Yan-zhong, ZHAO Xue-liang, LI Yang-yang, SUI Shu-huan SONG Qi-ming, YOU Xian-hui
    2025, 51 (2):  135-142. 
    Abstract ( 120 )   PDF (4201KB) ( 123 )   Save
    Suction caisson foundation is a new type of foundation adopted by offshore wind turbine due to its advantages of high efficiency and economy. But there is a risk of buckling failure of cylinder wall during the installation. So far, there is still a lack of specifications and standards for this problem in the industry. In this paper, the commonly used reference codes and standards in this industry were collected and analyzed. A problem that the current reference codes and standards are inconsistent with the assumptions of boundary conditions is found in the design of suction caisson. The influence of soil and barrel cover on boundary conditions was simulated and analyzed by finite element method. And the numerical results were compared with the calculation results from various standard methods. Finally, the allowable penetration suction envelope controlled by buckling failure was provided, which is supposed to be helpful for the design of suction foundation.
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    Scientific
    Power system anomaly detection and classification based on state estimation and deep learning
    ZHENG Tie-jun, ZHANG Hong-jie, WANG Jing, WANG Yang
    2025, 51 (2):  143-151. 
    Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (3920KB) ( 148 )   Save
    Aiming at a series of difficult to detect network security events in power system caused by Web attacks and DDoS attacks, a smart power grid anomaly detection method that combines the weighted least squares method, extended Kalman filter, and a two-stage deep learning anomaly detection model is proposed. This method first adopts an adaptive composite sampling algorithm to address the issue of imbalanced distribution of network security data in the power system; Then, by integrating the weighted least squares method and the extended Kalman filter to utilize the dynamic nonlinear characteristics in the power system, the accuracy of intelligent power grid anomaly detection is improved through accurate state estimation, and safety risks in the power system are detected using the chi-square test and anomaly detection indicators; On this basis, the improved deep neural network model and multiple BiLSTM network models are combined to achieve the classification and recognition of network security risk events. Finally, the proposed method was numerical simulation verified on the CICIDS2017 dataset. The numerical simulation results show that this method can effectively detect various attacks, it has better anomaly detection capability and improve the accuracy of network security risk event classification by 3.85%.
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    On the problem of burning and protecting of weighted graphs
    LI Ruo-tong, WEI Zong-tian
    2025, 51 (2):  152-158. 
    Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (576KB) ( 81 )   Save
    In order to reduce the loss caused by network disruptions, it is necessary to consider the protection strategy. Combining the idea of the firefighter problem with graph burning, the concepts of the relative protection strategy and maximum protection rate of weighted graphs are proposed. The maximum protecting rate calculation formulas of several types of typically weighted graphs and the constructing method of extremely weighted graphs based on the maximum protecting rate are given. Additionally, an approximation algorithm is designed for computing the maximum protection rate of general trees with radius 2 and 3. The relationships between the maximum protection rate, the weight values, the way of weighting, and the structure of graphs are revealed.
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    Hölder continuity of solutions for a class of fractional order stochastic heat equations
    LIU Yang, WU Ke-qing, FENG Yuan
    2025, 51 (2):  159-165. 
    Abstract ( 153 )   PDF (564KB) ( 96 )   Save
    The Holder continuity is studied of solutions to a class of fractional stochastic heat equations driven by space-time white noises. With fractional differential operators and random noise terms in the equation, the form of the solution is defined by the characteristics of the initial value conditions and the Green’s function, the existence and Holder continuity of solutions are obtained by Picard iteration method and Kolomogorov continuity theorem. An example is given to verify the results.
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    Generalized λ-Hadamard product for a class of p-valent functions
    HE Tao, LI Shu-hai, TANG Huo
    2025, 51 (2):  166-172. 
    Abstract ( 110 )   PDF (556KB) ( 19 )   Save
    A class of p-valent function and generalized λ-Hadamard product of which are introduced. By using the subordination relationship and the initial method, distortion theorem, integral operator, extreme point and the closure properties of generalized λ-Hadamard product of the class are obtained. The results generalize the work of Hadamard product and get some new results.
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