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    Uyghur-Chinese neural machine translation method based on back translation and ensemble learning
    FENG Xiao, YANG Ya-ting, DONG Rui, AZMAT Anwar, MA Bo
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2022, 48 (5): 99-106.  
    Abstract1520)      PDF(pc) (863KB)(336)       Save
    From the perspective of efficient utilization of existing resources, a method based on back-translation and ensemble learning is proposed to solve the problem of the poor performance of Uyghur-Chinese neural machine translation caused by the lack of parallel corpus. Firstly, Uyghur and Chinese pseudo-parallel corpora are constructed by using back translation and large-scale Chinese monolingual corpora, and the intermediate model is obtained by using pseudo parallel corpora training. Secondly, the bootstrap is used to resample the original parallel corpus for N times, and N sub-datasets with similar distribution but different characteristics are obtained. The intermediate model were fine-tuned based on N sub-data sets, and N sub-models with differences were obtained. Finally, integrate these sub-models. Experiments on the test sets of CWMT2015 and CWMT2017 show that theBLEU(Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) value of this method are 2.37 and 1.63 higher than that of the baseline system, respectively.
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    A secure face recognition scheme based on CKKS homomorphic encryption and neural network
    SU Yun-xuan, TU Zheng, WANG Xu-an, LIN Chuan
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (2): 103-109.  
    Abstract510)      PDF(pc) (2072KB)(393)       Save
    As big data technology has been evolving over the years, facial recognition is widely used in different fields. However, users are then troubled by safety problems, such as privacy disclosure and data leakage. A face recognition scheme based on homomorphic encryption and neural network under the cloud server is proposed in this paper. The face image is encrypted through the CKKS homomorphic encryption scheme, and the LFW data set is trained through the ResNet50 model and Arcface Loss function in the cloud server, then the vector correlation between the encrypted images is calculated, followed by the decryption of the ciphertext result and comparison with the threshold to judge whether it is the same person, to realize face recognition. The experiment result shows that on the LFW dataset, the scheme of this paper can recognize the cryptograph with an accuracy rate of 99.398% when the threshold value is about 0.25. This result proves the proposed scheme has high recognition accuracy.
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    Influence of high rate charge and discharge cycle on the electronic performance and thermal safety of lithium ion battery
    LI Dong-qi, ZHANG Qing-song, ZHENG Shao-shuai
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (3): 30-35.  
    Abstract459)      PDF(pc) (2624KB)(654)       Save
    Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and various energy storage devices. In this paper, cyclic aging and thermal runaway experiments under different charge-discharge rates were carried out, and the effects of large-rate charging and discharging on the performance and thermal safety of single lithium-ion batteries were studied. The results showed that the actual capacity of single lithium-ion battery is attenuated under the large-rate charge-discharge cycle, and the degree of attenuation is positively relevant to the charge-discharge rate. With the charge-discharge rate increasing, the constant current ratio is stepwise attenuation, but the coulombic efficiency still maintains in the range of 99%-100%, indicating that the reversible performance of lithium-ion batteries is normal. With the increase of the magnification, the thermal runaway trigger time, explosion pressure and jet flame temperature first increase and then decrease. The average surface temperature of the battery during explosion is 655.8 ℃, which is close to the melting point of aluminum. The explosion injection powder products are mainly metal aluminum, graphite and lithium cobalt oxide.
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    GV-Noetherian rings and their weak GV-injective modules
    ZHANG Xiao-lei, QI Wei
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (4): 146-150.  
    Abstract447)      PDF(pc) (548KB)(315)       Save
    The Cartan-Eilenberg-Bass Theorem for GV-Noetherian rings is given. The class of weak GV-injective modules is introduced to characterize DW-rings and von Neumann regular rings. In particular, it is proved that the ring is von Neumann regular if and only if any weak GV-injective module is an absolutely pure module, and if and only if any weak GV-injective module is coflat. Finally, the Megibben Theorem for GV-Noetherian rings is obtained. Meanwhile, some examples are provided to distinguish Noetherian rings, GV-Noetherian rings, and w-Noetherian rings.
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    Optimal control of sensorless low speed operation of PMSM based on high frequency signal injection
    XIE Ping, BAO Guang-qing, QI Wu-gang, DU He-xuan
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2022, 48 (5): 85-91.  
    Abstract434)      PDF(pc) (2459KB)(409)       Save
    In the zero low speed operation control of sensorless permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM), the high frequency signal injection method is often used to track the position information, which will cause torque fluctuation and time delay. In this paper, a filter free rotor position identification method is proposed by combining sliding mode speed control and high frequency square wave signal injection. By increasing the frequency of square wave signal to the switching frequency of inverter and taking advantage of the characteristic that the fundamental wave signal cycle is far less than the high-frequency injection signal cycle, the signal separation in the traditional high-frequency signal injection is avoided through two current samples in the single high-frequency signal injection cycle. Meanwhile the filter is removed to effectively improve the system convergence speed. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional high-frequency signal injection method, the proposed method can achieve high-precision low-speed operation under sensorless control of PMSM, and has good steady-state characteristics and dynamic performance.
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    Effect of homogenization treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-based medium entropy alloys
    ZHAO Yan-chun, SHI Zi-qiang, ZHANG Lin-hao, ZHANG Min-ya, KOU Sheng-zhong
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (1): 1-6.  
    Abstract428)      PDF(pc) (4541KB)(402)       Save
    The (Fe 63.3Mn 14Si 9.1Cr 9.8C 3.8) 98.5Y 1.5(Y=Cu、Ag)、(Fe 63.3Mn 14Si 9.1Cr 9.8C 3.8) 97Cu 1.5Ag 1.5 were prepared by water-cooled copper crucible magnetic levitation melting-copper mold negative pressure suction casting method.The effect of homogenization temperature and time on mechanical properties was studied by establishing the uniformization kinetic equation.(Fe 63.3Mn 14Si 9.1Cr 9.8C 3.8) 98.5Y 1.5(Y=Cu、Ag) and (Fe 63.3Mn 14Si 9.1Cr 9.8C 3.8) 97Cu 1.5Ag 1.5 medium entropy alloys were homogenized at 873, 973, 1 073, 1 173, 1 273 K, respectively. The relationshipwas investigatedbetween its organizational structure and compression performance. The results showed that the uniform distribution of alloying elements is applied and the segregation is significantly reduced, The homogenization alloy is phase stable and still has an fcc structure at 1 173 K, and the compressive mechanical properties of the entropy alloy of (Fe 63.3Mn 14Si 9.1Cr 9.8C 3.8) 97Cu 1.5Ag 1.5 is the best at 1 173 K, and the compressive strength and plastic strain were 3 992.4 MPa and 35.75%, respectively, and the experimental results were consistent with the calculational prediction of the equation of homogenization diffusion kinetics.
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    Design of virtual and real interactive monitoring system for CNC machine tools based on digital twins
    HUANG Hua, LI Jia-ran, LI Dian-lun
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (1): 36-43.  
    Abstract423)      PDF(pc) (5660KB)(612)       Save
    Aiming at the problem that the actual operating status of CNC machine tools is not directly reflected by traditional monitoring technology and virtual simulation technology, a virtual-real interactive monitoring system for CNC machine tools based on digital twins technology is designed by combining the new generation of information technology and the concept of digital twins. In addition, taking a CNC machine tool as example, the system architecture and related functions are first designed through Portal software. Based on that, the information collected by the sensor is transmitted to the system through PLC and Ethernet for analog conversion; and the digital twins data in the system is connected with the digital twins to realize the reception and transmission of information, then the combination of virtual and real are completed through OPC-DA. Finally, this method is used to monitor the vibration signal of the machine tool in real time and design a remote control panel. The experimental results show that the system using the virtual-real interactive monitoring system and digital twins of the CNC machine tool to double monitor the machining process can reflect the actual operating status of the machine tool more effectively and intuitively. Meanwhile the digital twins is virtually controlled by the virtual-real interactive monitoring system, and the application field of digital twins technology is further expanded.
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    The calculation method for influence of photovoltaic power generation system on three-phase voltage unbalance degree of distribution network
    CHEN Wei, NI Yuan-hong, JI Qing-chun, WANG Zhong-fei, HE Feng
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (2): 76-82.  
    Abstract382)      PDF(pc) (1911KB)(448)       Save
    Aiming at the deficiency of traditional deterministic power flow calculation in the evaluation of three-phase voltage unbalance caused by distributed photovoltaic power stations connected to the distribution network, a method based on multi-point linearization semi-invariant probabilistic power flow and importance sampling was proposed to evaluate the unbalance degree of distribution network. First, given the limitations of the Beta distribution, the adaptive nonparametric kernel density estimation method was adopted to characterize the photovoltaic output and load fluctuation random process to improve the modeling accuracy, and then the method of piecewise linearization semi-invariant was used to perform stochastic trend analysis to reduce the error due to uncertainty. Afterward, the mixed Copulas connect function was constructed to calculate the unbalance of the public connection point. Finally, the sampling method was used to get the mean value of unbalance degree for evaluation. In the end, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by the simulation analysis of the IEEE33 node system.
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    Numerical simulation of temperature field of flux bands constrained arc welding T-joint
    FENG Rui, WANG Lei, LU Wan-quan, WANG Guang-yu, QIAO Ji-sen
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2022, 48 (5): 1-7.  
    Abstract346)      PDF(pc) (5833KB)(294)       Save
    In order to investigate the distribution law of temperature field of flux bands constrained arc (FBCA) welding in T-joint which is the basic welding unit of I-core sandwich panel, a computational approach was developed to predict the temperature field of T-joint by FBCA welding based on ABAQUS nonlinear finite element software. The calculated results were compared with the actual measurement results, and the heat distribution on the respective paths of the face and the core plate were studied. The result showed that the temperature field of T-joint in FBCA welding is symmetrically distributed along the weld center, and the heat distribution is mainly concentrated on the face plate. The combined heat source model can not only precisely simulate the temperature distribution morphology of weld section and the width of heat affected zone compared with the experiment, but also have a good agreement about the thermal cycle of typical points measured by the IR camera, which verifies the rightness of the combined heat source model in calculating the temperature field of T-joint in FBCA welding.
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    Design of automobile remote monitoring system based on cloud platform
    ZHAO Geng-yun, WANG Jia, LI Wan-min, LIU Xiao-bin
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (1): 87-93.  
    Abstract342)      PDF(pc) (6550KB)(333)       Save
    In order to realize the real-time monitoring of vehicle status and position, query the vehicle historical data and track, and get rid of regional restrictions, a remote monitoring system for vehicles based on a cloud platform is designed. The system includes vehicle terminal and cloud service platform, which the former is responsible for collecting vehicle status data and GPS longitude and latitude, and uploading them to the cloud through 4G network. The cloud service platform includes visual monitoring center, database, and web server. The system administrator carries out real-time remote monitoring and data query on the vehicle through the cloud monitoring center, and the ordinary users monitor vehicles through the web browser, forming a two-level supervision mode. The results of long-term operation show that the system is stable and reliable, and can realize remote monitoring in different places. The monitoring data is rich, and the data refresh frequency is about 0.62 Hz. Therefore, the system has good real-time performance and can query the historical data and historical track of vehicles.
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    Comparison of corrosion resistance of MAO coatings fabricated on pure Magnesium and AZ91D Magnesium alloy
    WANG Zhan-ying, MA Ying, AN Shou-jing, WANG Sheng
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (3): 1-8.  
    Abstract333)      PDF(pc) (6712KB)(258)       Save
    Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared in the silicate-containing electrolyte on pure magnesium and AZ91D magnesium alloy substrates, and different characterization methods were used to compare the corrosion resistance of the coatings on the two substrates. The results showed that the AZ91D-MAO coating has better formability and more Mg 2SiO 4 and MgF 2 phases, resulting in better spotting and electrochemical corrosion resistance than that of Mg-MAO coating. The Mg-MAO coating exhibits overall corrosion in the whole deterioration process, but it basically loses the protection to the matrix in the late corrosion stage, for the AZ91D-MAO coating, localised corrosion occurs at the later stage of immersion, but the coating still can protect the substrate effectively. Due to the different electrode potentials of different elements after alloying, the selective arcing occurs on the α and β phase regions of the substrate surface. This alternating discharge phenomenon is conducive to the improvement of microstructure parameters such as the compactness, composition and defects of the coating, which results in a better corrosion resistance of the AZ91D-MAO coating.
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    Effect of sintering process on properties of transparent alumina ceramics
    HUANG Guo-wei, LI Ting, SUN Li, DI Zheng-xian, FAN Heng-zhong
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2022, 48 (6): 8-15.  
    Abstract320)      PDF(pc) (15266KB)(125)       Save
    Using Isobam600AF as dispersant and Isobam104 as adhesive, transparent alumina ceramics were prepared by improved two-step sintering method using gelcasting process and vacuum pressureless sintering technology. The effects of different sintering temperatures and holding time on the grain size, density, optical and mechanical properties of alumina ceramics were investigated. The results showed that the sintering process can control the growth of grain sizes and improve the relative density of ceramics effectively, so as to improve their optical properties and mechanical properties. During the sintering process, when the temperature rise to a certain range, the densification process start, and the densification rate first increase and then decreases with the increase of temperature and holding time. The densification rate reaches the fastest value in the condition of the second sintering step holding at 1 400 ℃ for 3 hours. Therefore, the densification of the green body is a nonlinear process with a maximum densification rate temperature and holding time point.
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    Effects of K 2ZrF 6 and EDTA-Na additives, voltage and their interactions on corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coatings on magnesium alloys
    WANG Hao, MA Ying, WANG Zhan-ying, AN Ling-yun, LIU Yun-po
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (2): 1-8.  
    Abstract315)      PDF(pc) (2644KB)(369)       Save
    Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared on AZ91D magnesium alloys in alkaline phosphate-based electrolyte. The effects of the additives of K 2ZrF 6 and EDTA-Na, voltage, and their interactions on the coatings were studied based on orthogonal experiment. The thicknesses, morphologies and phase composition of the coatings were examined by using TT260 eddy-current coating thickness gauge, SEM and XRD, respectively. The corrosion resistance of the coatings in acidic media was evaluated by the HNO 3 spot test. The results showed that K 2ZrF 6, EDTA-Na, voltage and their interactions exhibit different effects on the thickness and corrosion resistance of MAO coatings. The effect of the loading voltage on the thickness and corrosion resistance of the coatings is significant. With the voltage increasing, the thickness and the corrosion resistance of the coatings are both improved significantly. The individual factor of K 2ZrF 6 has little effect on the coating thickness, but it exhibits a certain impact on corrosion resistance of the coatings. The individual factor of EDTA-Na has little effect on the coating thickness and corrosion resistance, While the interaction between K 2ZrF 6 and voltage is very significant, and the coatings with more excellent comprehensive properties can be obtained when a high concentration of K 2ZrF 6 and high concentration of EDTA-Na combine with high loading voltage.
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    Influence of blade wrap angle on performance of constant head pump
    CHENG Xiao-rui, TIAN Long, LI Tian-peng, YANG Deng-feng
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (1): 61-68.  
    Abstract313)      PDF(pc) (6240KB)(363)       Save
    In order to study the influence of blade wrap angle on the performance of constant head pump, six impeller schemes with different blade wrap angle had been designed. Based on the Reynolds time-average N-S equation and the RNG k-ε turbulence model, the steady numerical calculation had been carried out, following the calculated results verified by experiments. The results show that before the cut-off flow, pump head decreases with the increase of the wrap angle. When the wrap angle of pump is 0 degree, the pump head is the largest. Under the schemes of 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees, the head of the pump is almost equal. When the wrap angle of pump is 60 degrees, pump has the smallest head, and the pump head decreases linearly with the increase of flow when the wrap angle is 75 degrees. The blade wrap angle has a significant influence on the efficiency of the pump. The pump efficiency in any scheme first increases and then decreases with the increase of flow, while the efficiency reaches its maximum value near the cut-off flow. Under the condition before the cut-off flow, the pump efficiency increases with the increase of the wrap angle, while after the cut-off flow, the larger the wrap angle is, the faster the efficiency decreases with the increase of the flow.
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    Hot salt corrosion behavior of TiAlN/Cr、TiAlN/CrN and TiAlN/CrAlN multilayer coatings
    HE Ze-nian, WANG Shun-hua, PU Ji-bin
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (4): 1-10.  
    Abstract310)      PDF(pc) (10106KB)(231)       Save
    The hot salt corrosion of titanium alloys has attracted extensive attention. Metal nitride protective coating is an effective way to extend the service life of titanium alloys. In this study, the TiAlN/Cr coating, TiAlN/CrN coating, TiAlN/CrAlN-5 coating and TiAlN/CrAlN-10 coating were deposited on titanium alloy surface by Multi-arc Ion Plating technology. The differences in hot salt corrosion behavior of four kinds of multilayer coatings were compared by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersion analyzer (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scratch tester and 3D Laser Microscope. Meanwhile, the microstructure and phase composition of the coatings were analyzed before and after hot salt corrosion. The results indicated that the addition of Al element and the optimization of modulation period can improve the surface quality of the coating. Among them, TiAlN/CrAlN-10 multilayer coating shows excellent heat resistance to salt corrosion due to its high interface density.
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    A machine learning methods for identifying the properties of Chinese medicinal materials from infrared spectrum data
    TIAN Chun-ting, ZHAO Ning, QIN Jian-wei, MENG Xiao-feng
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (3): 55-59.  
    Abstract307)      PDF(pc) (2953KB)(710)       Save
    There are great differences in the characteristics of near-infrared and mid-infrared spectra of different kinds of traditional Chinese medicine. Due to the different chemical components such as inorganic elements and organic substances, even if the origin of the same traditional Chinese medicine is different, the labeling effect under near-infrared and mid-infrared spectral irradiation will have different spectral characteristics which can be used to classify Chinese herbal medicine and identify the origin of Chinese herbal medicine. With the help of MATLAB software tool and K-means clustering algorithm in SPSS classification tool, unsupervised machine learning is carried out on traditional Chinese medicine to classify traditional Chinese medicine; Using SPSS neural network multilayer perceptron and the random forest algorithm provided by Python language, 70% of the data set is used as the training set and 30% as the verification set to train the supervised machine learning model which is finally used to identify and predict the origin of traditional Chinese medicine.
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    Thermodynamical analysis of TiN precipitation in 21Cr ultra pure ferrite stainless steel
    SHENG Jie, WEI Jia-fu, MENG Ya-hui, LI Yu-feng, MA Guo-cai, LA Pei-qing
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (5): 1-9.  
    Abstract299)      PDF(pc) (2905KB)(480)       Save
    Number density and size distribution of non-metallic inclusion have important influences on processability and service behaviors of steel. The numerical modeling of TiN precipitation condition in 21Cr ultra-pure ferrite stainless steel was solved based on the basic solidification theory. Thermodynamic and kinetic formation conditions and precipitation laws of TiN were investigated theoretically. The findings showed that TiN is precipitated free in molten steel. Ti and N elements solute segregation occurs on the solid/liquid interface in the processing of solidification, which promote TiN precipitation starting as f s=0.15. The precipitate size of TiN is affected by Ti, N content, and cooling rate. TiN radius can be reduced by decreasing the initial content of Ti, N and increasing the solidification cooling rate, Ti, N element contents are more sensitive to the effect of TiN size, so the timing of the precipitation of TiN inclusions during solidification can be significantly delayed by reducing the initial content of N in molten steel. Therefore, the addition amount of Ti in molten steel can be adjusted to make the quantity and size of TiN more reasonable in manufacture.
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    Detection and analysis of roughness variation of laser cleaning to remove paint layer on Aluminum alloy
    ZHU Ming, HOU Xiao-fei, SHI Kun, ZHANG Hao, SHI Yu, FAN Ding
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2023, 49 (3): 23-29.  
    Abstract290)      PDF(pc) (3229KB)(205)       Save
    When 1 064 nm laser was used to clean 2024 aluminum alloy skin surface fluorocarbon paint layer, the change of surface roughness caused the alteration of absorption effect of paint layer on laser, which easily causes excessive absorption of heat to produce substrate damage. Therefore, for the detection and analysis of surface roughness in the laser cleaning process, the pulsed laser cleaning experimental system was designed. The generation mechanism of surface roughness morphology of fluorocarbon paint layer was analyzed under two laser cleaning modes, and the surface roughness was tested and characterized by laser scanning confocal microscope. The evolution of surface roughness was studied when the fluorocarbon paint layer was removed by laser. The result showed that: 1) The laser ablation mechanism and vibration mechanism will produce rough surface in the laser cleaning process; 2) With the increase in the times of laser cleaning, the surface roughness presents the nonlinear increase in the laser layer-by-layer cleaning process. After the laser cleaning 14 times, the roughness of the paint layer has reached 35.88μm, which is an increase of 370% compared to that of the first cleaning. 3) The presence of rough surface has a significant increase effect on the laser absorption rate in the process of laser layer by layer paint removal. After the laser cleaning 7 times, the absorption rate of the rough surface of the paint layer on laser increase by 32.8%.
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    Damage analysis of wind turbine hub under random ultimate load
    ZHENG Yu-qiao, JIN Hong-hong, ZHAO Feng, LU Bing-xi, LI Hao, HE Zheng-wen
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2022, 48 (5): 65-69.  
    Abstract285)      PDF(pc) (1482KB)(302)       Save
    In view of the uncertainty and diversity of traditional wind turbine hubs load environment, the damage of wind turbine hubs under ultimate load was studied, then the structure was optimized. Specifically, the ultimate load is exerted to the turbine hub according to the blade coordinate system to obtain the strength of the hub under the ultimate working condition, the stress nephogram of hub was obtained and the strength of the hub under the ultimate working condition was solved. Then, for the variational law of the damage on the hub surface, the S-N curve and the Miner cumulative damage criterion were combined to correct the average stress of the equivalent stress of the hub. Finally, the topology structure of the hub was optimized, the optimized hub was remodeled and the static strength analysis was carried out.The results indicated that the optimizedhub mass was decreased by 9.2%,which met the strength requirements and provided a theoretical basis for subsequent hub structure optimization.
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    Effect of PVA coating on the performance of electroless copper plating layer on the surface of Kevlar fiber
    JIA Jian-gang, SU Cheng, XIA Ting-xi
    Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology    2022, 48 (5): 8-14.  
    Abstract281)      PDF(pc) (5297KB)(163)       Save
    The stability and integrity of the metal coating on the Kevlar fiber surface were improved by the method of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating, thereby improving the anti-peeling ability of the coating. The bend-peel-off test was performed to investigate the anti-peeling ability of the metal layer. The resistance tester and the electronic universal testing machine were used to test the conductivity and tensile strength of the sample. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the surface morphology and chemical valence of the sample. The results showed that the PVA coating can effectively improve the anti-peeling ability of the metal coating. As the PVA concentration increases, the surface resistivity of the copper-plated Kevlar fiber increases, while the flexibility decreases. When the concentration of the PVA solution is 5 g/L, the flexibility, conductivity, and anti-peeling ability of PVA-coated Cu/Kevlar fiber can be maintained at an optimal state. At this concentration, the surface unit resistance of the PVA coated Cu/Kevlar fiber is 0.41 Ω/cm, the monofilament tensile strength is 2.396 GPa, and the fitting degree of the Weibull distribution is 0.988 1.
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